Signal Reference & Strategies
Comprehensive documentation for all trading signals and strategies
GIL Regime Detection
The GIL (Growth-Inflation-Liquidity) framework classifies the macro environment into discrete regimes based on economic growth momentum, inflation trends, and liquidity conditions. Each regime has distinct asset class implications — what works in Goldilocks fails in Stagflation.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Goldilocks | goldilocks | Risk-on: equities, credit, growth stocks |
| Risk-On | risk on | Equities over bonds, cyclicals over defensives |
| Risk-Off | risk off | Reduce risk, raise cash, long vol |
| Stagflation | stagflation | Commodities, TIPS, value stocks |
Key Thresholds
- •Regime confidence > 70%: High conviction positioning
- •Transition detected: Begin rotating portfolios
- •Multiple conflicting signals: Reduce position sizes
/api/regime/currentComponent Scores (0-100):
Regime Persistence:
Regimes typically last 3-18 months. Short regimes (<1 month) are often false signals.
Edge: Most traders react to regime changes after they're obvious. The GIL framework detects transitions early through leading indicators, allowing positioning before the crowd.
Breakeven Inflation
The difference between nominal Treasury yields and TIPS yields. This spread represents the market's expectation for average inflation over the bond's life. When breakevens rise, the market is pricing in higher inflation; when they fall, deflation risk is increasing.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| < 1.5% | deflation risk | Long TIPS, risk-off positioning |
| 1.5% - 2.0% | low inflation | Neutral, watch for Fed easing |
| 2.0% - 2.5% | on target | Normal operations |
| 2.5% - 3.0% | elevated | Inflation hedges, short duration |
Key Thresholds
- •5Y-10Y spread inverted: Near-term > long-term inflation (transitory belief)
- •10Y breakeven > 3%: Fed likely to remain hawkish
- •Forward 5Y5Y > 2.5%: Long-term inflation expectations unanchored
/api/yields/breakevenCalculation:
Breakeven = Nominal Treasury Yield − TIPS Yield
Example:
10Y Treasury = 4.50%
10Y TIPS = 2.00%
10Y Breakeven = 2.50% (market expects 2.5% avg inflation)
Forward 5Y5Y:
Expected 5-year inflation rate starting 5 years from now. This is what the Fed monitors for long-term inflation anchoring. Target: 2.0-2.5%.
Edge: Breakevens lead CPI prints by 2-3 months. Position before realized inflation confirms market expectations.
Yield Curve Analysis
The yield curve shape (normal, inverted, flat) signals economic expectations. Inversions (short rates > long rates) have preceded every recession since 1970. The 2Y-10Y spread is the most watched indicator.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| 2s10s > +100bp | steep | Risk-on, banks outperform |
| 2s10s +25 to +100bp | normal | Standard positioning |
| 2s10s 0 to +25bp | flat | Defensive tilt, reduce duration |
| 2s10s < 0bp | inverted | De-risk, long bonds, short cyclicals |
Key Thresholds
- •Inversion depth > -50bp: Severe recession signal
- •Un-inversion after inversion: Recession imminent (0-6 months)
- •3M-10Y inverted: Fed's preferred recession indicator
/api/yields/curve, /api/yields/analysisKey Spreads:
Inversion Timing:
Edge: Most traders only watch the inversion. The un-inversion (curve steepening after inversion) is the actual "sell everything" signal.
IV/RV Spread
Compares implied volatility (what options market expects) to realized volatility (what actually happened). When IV >> RV, options are expensive (sell premium). When IV << RV, options are cheap (buy protection). This spread is the fundamental edge in volatility trading.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Z > +2.0 | extreme rich | Strong sell vol (strangles, condors) |
| Z +1.0 to +2.0 | rich | Sell vol with caution |
| Z -1.0 to +1.0 | fair | No vol edge, trade direction |
| Z -2.0 to -1.0 | cheap | Buy vol, own protection |
Key Thresholds
- •Z-Score > 2 + VIX > 30: Fear spike, sell premium into panic
- •Z-Score < -1.5 + VIX < 15: Complacency, buy cheap protection
- •Spread widening rapidly: Event risk being priced in
/api/options/iv-rvCalculation:
Spread = IV(30d ATM) − RV(20d)
Z-Score = (Spread − Mean) / StdDev [252-day lookback]
RV Calculation:
Realized Vol = sqrt(252) × StdDev(daily returns, 20d)
When to Sell Vol:
When to Buy Vol:
Edge: Retail traders are always net sellers of vol (income generation). Institutions are buyers at extremes. Fade retail when Z-score is extreme.
Gamma Squeeze Detector
Detects gamma squeeze conditions where dealer hedging creates a feedback loop: rising prices → dealers buy stock to hedge short calls → more buying → prices rise further. The 4-factor composite (0-100) quantifies squeeze intensity for SPY, QQQ, IWM.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| 0-30 | no squeeze | Standard trading |
| 30-50 | watch | Monitor for development |
| 50-70 | building | Consider long gamma, ride momentum |
| 70-85 | active | Trail stops tightly, expect acceleration |
Key Thresholds
- •Factor 4 = 90 (IV rising with price): Classic squeeze signature
- •Score > 85 for 2+ days: Exhaustion imminent
- •Score drops 30+ points: Squeeze unwinding, reversal likely
/api/options/gamma4-Factor Composite (25% each):
1. Price Momentum: 5-day return percentile vs 60-day lookback
2. Call OI Spike: Near-term call OI vs 20-day average
3. Call Volume Surge: Total call volume vs 20-day average
4. IV Rising With Price: Both IV and price rising (classic signature)
Dealer Mechanics:
Market makers are structurally short gamma (they sell options to retail).
When price rises toward heavily-owned call strikes:
Edge: Retail sees momentum. This signal shows you the OPTIONS-DRIVEN mechanics behind the momentum, letting you anticipate exhaustion.
Volume/OI Wave Signal
Measures the ratio of daily options volume to open interest — a "WAVE" signal. When volume significantly exceeds OI, it signals new positions being opened (directional conviction). High wave readings with directional bias indicate institutional positioning.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| 0-25 | quiet | Wait for signal |
| 25-50 | normal | No edge from flow |
| 50-70 | active | Note directional bias |
| 70-85 | surge | Follow institutional flow |
Key Thresholds
- •Surge + bullish bias: Institutions buying calls aggressively
- •Surge + bearish bias: Protective put buying or bearish bets
- •Extreme + neutral bias: Straddle positioning, expecting vol expansion
/api/options/wave4-Factor Composite (25% each):
1. Call Wave: Call vol/OI vs 20-day avg ratio
2. Put Wave: Put vol/OI vs 20-day avg ratio
3. Directional Bias: Call vs put wave skew (-1 to +1)
4. Concentration: Near-term + ATM share of total volume
Directional Bias Labels:
Edge: Volume alone doesn't tell you if positions are opening or closing. Volume/OI ratio distinguishes new conviction (high) from position management (low).
VIX Term Structure
The VIX/VIX1D ratio (or VIX term structure) reveals market fear dynamics. Contango (VIX > VIX1D) is normal. Backwardation (VIX < VIX1D) signals acute fear where near-term vol exceeds longer-term — a buy signal after panic.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Ratio > 1.05 | steep contango | Buy protection, contrarian caution |
| Ratio 1.00-1.05 | contango | Sell vol strategies work |
| Ratio 0.95-1.00 | flat | Reduce vol selling |
| Ratio < 0.95 | backwardation | Buy equities, sell vol after spike |
Key Thresholds
- •Backwardation + VIX > 30: Peak fear, fade the panic
- •Contango + VIX < 12: Extreme complacency, buy protection
- •Term structure flattening: Regime change brewing
/api/options/vix-ratioCalculation:
VIX Ratio = VIX / VIX1D (or front-month / second-month VIX futures)
Why It Matters:
Historical Context:
Edge: VIX level tells you fear exists. Term structure tells you if it's the RIGHT kind of fear to fade.
Cascade Risk Score
The Cascade Risk Score (0-100) quantifies the probability of forced liquidation cascades across systematic strategies. High scores indicate crowded positioning where CTA trend-followers, vol-target funds, and risk-parity strategies are all positioned in the same direction.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| 0-25 | low risk | Normal operations |
| 25-50 | moderate risk | Monitor closely |
| 50-70 | elevated risk | Reduce risk, tighten stops |
| 70-85 | high risk | Defensive positioning |
Key Thresholds
- •Score > 70 + VIX > 25: High cascade probability within 5 sessions
- •Score > 50 + SPY-TLT corr > 0.3: Risk-parity unwind in progress
- •Score drops 20+ pts in one day: Cascade already occurring
/api/cascade/risk5-Pillar Composite:
1. CTA Alignment (25%): % of assets with aligned trend signals
2. Vol-Target Regime (20%): VIX level vs target volatility
3. Risk-Parity Stress (20%): SPY-TLT correlation (>0 = stress)
4. Options Skew (15%): Put/call OI ratio
5. COT Crowding (20%): Speculator positioning extremes
Cascade Mechanics:
When multiple systematic strategies become aligned:
Edge: By the time the cascade starts, it's too late. This signal warns you BEFORE the forced selling begins.
CTA Alignment Score
Tracks what percentage of major asset classes have aligned trend signals across the moving averages that CTA (Commodity Trading Advisor) funds typically use. High alignment = crowded positioning = cascade risk.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| 0-25% | divergent | Low cascade risk |
| 25-50% | partial | Normal conditions |
| 50-75% | aligned | Elevated cascade risk |
| 75-90% | highly aligned | High cascade risk |
Key Thresholds
- •Alignment > 75% + all 3 MAs aligned: CTA fully loaded
- •Alignment drops 25%+ in one week: Trend break, cascade starting
- •Cascade flag = true: 5+ ETFs lost alignment simultaneously
/api/positioning/cta8 ETFs Tracked:
SPY, QQQ, IWM, TLT, GLD, USO, UUP, EFA
Moving Averages:
20-day, 60-day, 120-day (short, medium, long-term trends)
CTA Industry Context:
CTA funds manage ~$400B using systematic trend-following:
Edge: When alignment is extreme, you know the NEXT move will be the trend break. Position for reversal or at minimum, reduce exposure.
COT Positioning
CFTC Commitment of Traders data shows how commercial hedgers, large speculators, and small traders are positioned in futures markets. Extreme speculator positioning is a contrarian indicator — when everyone is long, who's left to buy?
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| > 90th %ile | extreme long | Contrarian short bias |
| 70-90th %ile | crowded long | Reduce long exposure |
| 30-70th %ile | neutral | No positioning edge |
| 10-30th %ile | crowded short | Reduce short exposure |
Key Thresholds
- •Net spec position > 90th %ile: Historically marks tops
- •Net spec position < 10th %ile: Historically marks bottoms
- •Commercial hedgers at opposite extreme: Strongest signal
/api/cot/latest, /api/cot/extremesReport Types:
Key Categories:
Historical Hit Rate:
Extreme readings (>90th or <10th %ile) + price divergence = 70%+ win rate on 4-week time horizon.
Edge: COT data is free and updated weekly. Most retail traders ignore it. Institutions use it as a key input for contrarian timing.
Correlation Breakdown Detector
Rolling correlations between asset classes reveal the market's internal structure. When historically correlated assets diverge (correlation breakdown), it signals a regime change and creates mean-reversion opportunities.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Z < -2.0 | breakdown | Fade the deviator |
| Z -2.0 to -1.0 | weakening | Monitor for breakdown |
| Z -1.0 to +1.0 | normal | No edge |
| Z > +1.0 | spiking | Risk-off, correlations go to 1 in crisis |
Key Thresholds
- •SPY-TLT correlation > +0.5: Risk-parity stress (both selling)
- •GLD-DX correlation flip: Safe haven flows changing
- •Intra-sector correlation collapse: Stock-picker market
/api/intermarket/correlationsKey Pairs Monitored:
Normal States:
| Pair | Normal Correlation ||------|-------------------|| SPY/TLT | -0.3 || GLD/DX | -0.4 || VIX/SPY | -0.8 |Trading the Breakdown:
1. Detect: Z-score < -2 (correlation below normal)
2. Identify: Which asset deviated from relationship
3. Fade: The deviator will likely revert
4. Stop: If correlation continues breaking down
Edge: Correlation regimes are more stable than price regimes. When they break, the market hasn't fully priced it in yet.
Carry Trade Differentials
Capital flows to currencies with higher interest rates. The US-Foreign rate differential drives FX movements. Widening US rate differential = USD strength. Narrowing = USD weakness. Divergences between rates and FX create trading opportunities.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Diff > +2% | strong usd carry | Long USD pairs |
| Diff +1% to +2% | moderate usd | Mild USD bias |
| Diff -1% to +1% | neutral | No carry edge |
| Diff < -1% | foreign carry | Short USD pairs |
Key Thresholds
- •Rate differential widening + FX not moving: USD undervalued
- •Rate differential narrowing + FX not moving: USD overvalued
- •Japan differential > 4%: Yen carry trade extended
/api/carry-trade/currentCalculation:
Rate Differential = US 10Y Yield − Foreign 10Y Yield
Countries Tracked:
Japan, Germany, UK, Australia, Canada, Switzerland
Divergence Signals:
Carry Trade Risk:
High-yield currencies (AUD, NZD, MXN) attract capital in risk-on environments but crash in risk-off. The "carry trade unwind" happens suddenly.
Edge: Most FX traders watch price. Rate differentials CAUSE price moves. Trade the cause, not the effect.
VIX-MOVE Correlation
VIX measures equity volatility. MOVE measures bond volatility. When both spike together (high correlation), it signals systemic stress affecting all markets. Divergence between them reveals whether stress is equity-specific or rates-specific.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Both elevated + correlated | systemic stress | Maximum defense, cash |
| VIX high, MOVE normal | equity specific | Bonds may hedge |
| MOVE high, VIX normal | rates specific | Equities may be safe |
| Both low | calm | Risk-on, sell vol |
Key Thresholds
- •VIX > 30 + MOVE > 120: Systemic event
- •VIX-MOVE correlation > 0.7 (20d): Cross-asset contagion
- •Divergence (one high, one low): Sector-specific, not systemic
/api/intermarket/correlationsVIX:
MOVE:
2022 Example:
Both VIX and MOVE elevated throughout the year — Fed hiking cycle created stress across ALL assets. Traditional stock-bond diversification failed.
Edge: Most traders only watch VIX. MOVE tells you if bonds will save you or not.
Put/Call Skew
The implied volatility difference between OTM puts and OTM calls at the same delta. A steep skew (puts more expensive than calls) indicates fear of downside. A flat or inverted skew indicates complacency or bullish speculation.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| 25Δ Skew > 10% | extreme fear | Sell put spreads, fade panic |
| 25Δ Skew 5-10% | elevated fear | Cautious, expect volatility |
| 25Δ Skew 2-5% | normal | No edge from skew |
| 25Δ Skew < 2% | complacent | Buy put protection cheap |
Key Thresholds
- •Skew > 90th percentile (1Y): Extreme fear, sell put premium
- •Skew < 10th percentile: Complacent, buy cheap protection
- •Skew expanding rapidly: Event risk being priced in
/api/options/surface/{symbol}Calculation:
25Δ Skew = IV(25Δ Put) − IV(25Δ Call)
Why Skew Exists:
Skew Term Structure:
Trading the Skew:
Edge: Most traders watch VIX. Skew tells you WHERE the fear is concentrated — it's more actionable for options positioning.
Sector Rotation & Performance
Tracks relative performance and momentum across sectors and asset classes to identify rotation trends. Sector leadership rotates through the business cycle — early cycle favors cyclicals, late cycle favors defensives.
Interpretation
| Range | Signal | Action |
|---|---|---|
| XLF/XLU > 1.1 | risk on rotation | Cyclical positioning |
| XLK/XLE > 1.2 | growth over value | Growth tilt |
| XLP/XLY > 1.0 | defensive rotation | Risk-off positioning |
| XLU outperforming | late cycle | Defensive, reduce beta |
Key Thresholds
- •Sector momentum Z > 2: Strong trend, ride momentum
- •Leadership change (3+ sectors flip): Regime transition
- •Dispersion < 10th percentile: Low opportunity, correlation high
/api/performance/assets, /api/performance/sectorsBusiness Cycle Rotation:
| Cycle Phase | Leading Sectors | Lagging Sectors ||-------------|-----------------|-----------------|| Early | Financials, Industrials, Discretionary | Utilities, Staples || Mid | Technology, Materials, Energy | Healthcare || Late | Healthcare, Utilities, Staples | Tech, Financials || Recession | Utilities, Staples, Healthcare | All cyclicals |Key Ratios:
Momentum Signals:
Dispersion:
Edge: Sector rotation signals lead index moves by 2-4 weeks. Rotate INTO strength early, rotate OUT before the crowd.